Welfare Monitoring Survey Round IV, 2025
Monitoring Food Insecurity, Displacement, Employment, Education, and Health
Sudan, 2025
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WBG_SDN_2025_WMS-R4_v01_M
Welfare Monitoring Survey Round IV, 2025
Monitoring Food Insecurity, Displacement, Employment, Education, and Health
SWMS R4 2025
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Sudan | SDN |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
This survey represents the fourth round of a series of mobile phone surveys
Household living conditions in Sudan are changing rapidly, underscoring the need for timely and consistent monitoring. In response, the World Bank conducted the fourth round of its welfare survey between May and July 2025, just two months after the third round. This round expands coverage to include the refugee population and focuses on five key themes: food insecurity, displacement, employment, education, and health. The survey is based on a probability sample of 3,129 respondents across 18 states, along with a dedicated sample of 1,112 refugee households.
Sample survey data [ssd]
-Household -Individual
Version
V01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution.
2025-07-28
Coverage
National (all 18 states).
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Franck M. Adoho | World Bank |
| Tom Bundervoet | World Bank |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Romeo J Gansey | World Bank | Survey design and data analysis |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| The World Bank | WB | Funder |
| Joint Data Center | JDC | Funder (refugee sample) |
Sampling
The fourth round of the Sudan Welfare Monitoring Survey is based on a probability sample of adult Sudanese (aged 18 and above) with access to mobile phones, covering all 18 states. It also includes a dedicated sample of adult refugees, primarily residing in camps. Sudanese respondents were selected through a one-stage random sampling process from a frame of 45,000 phone numbers provided by the implementation partner, supplemented by approximately 1,000 numbers collected during household listings and focus group discussions.
For the refugee population, the sampling frame was constructed using updated household listings from major camps in Kassala and White Nile states. To reach the target sample size, these listings were supplemented with random digit dialing (RDD). Refugee respondents were then selected through a one-stage random sampling process from this combined frame.
To maximize response rates, the implementation partner made up to seven call attempts per number when initial contact was unsuccessful, due to missed calls, unanswered attempts, or respondent unavailability. In areas with limited or unstable network coverage, such as Darfur and Kordofan, the survey team adapted its methodology by employing a robust random walk sampling technique to ensure comprehensive data collection.
To account for the survey design and adjust for unequal selection probabilities, household and individual weights were constructed using a maximum entropy approach. For Sudanese households, the 2022 Labor Force Survey serves as the reference dataset, with its geographic distribution modified to reflect displacement patterns based on the International Organization for Migration’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (July 2025 update). For the refugee population, calibration weights were derived using data from UNHCR’s population dashboard (August 2025), which provides updated demographic information on refugees residing in Sudan.
Survey instrument
The fourth-round questionnaire incorporated standardized tools to ensure data quality and comparability across topics. Questions on food insecurity were adapted from the World Food Programme’s established indicators. The survey instrument was initially developed in English, then translated and administered in Arabic. It covered five core sections: food insecurity, displacement, employment, education, and health.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2025-05-30 | 2025-07-28 |
- Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Voluntas | Voluntas |
Voluntas organized supervision using interval recording and random call back of a sub-sample. There were 69 data collectors and 10 office supervisors.
- Organization of Fieldwork:
The survey was implemented using SurveyCTO’s Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) platform by a dedicated team of trained Voluntas enumerators operating from a centralized call center. The team consisted of 59 enumerators and 10 supervisors, with each enumerator responsible for conducting individual phone interviews. - Data Management:
Data from both completed and partially completed interviews were uploaded daily to enable timely monitoring and ensure rigorous quality control throughout the data collection process. - Respondent Engagement:
Each household interview was conducted with a single respondent, typically a knowledgeable adult or the head of household, who could consult other household members when necessary to provide accurate information.
Depositor information
| Name |
|---|
| Poverty Reduction and Policy Management Network (PREM) |
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Franck M. Adoho | World Bank |
| Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|
| The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. |
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Franck M. Adoho (World Bank), Tom Bundervoet (World Bank). Sudan - Welfare Monitoring Survey Round IV, 2025, Monitoring Food Insecurity, Displacement, Employment, Education, and Health (SWMS R4 2025). Ref: WBG_SDN_2025_WMS-R4_v01_M. Downloaded from [uri] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Franck M. Adoho | World Bank | fadoho@worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_WBG_SDN_2025_WMS-R4_v01_M_WB
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank | Documentation of the study |
2025-11-11
Metadata version
Version 01 (2025-11-11)