Socioeconomic Survey of the Stateless Shona in 2019
Kenya, 2019
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Reference ID
UNHCR_KEN_2019_SES_Shona_v2.1
Producer(s)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Metadata
Created on
Dec 08, 2020
Last modified
Feb 18, 2021
Page views
16136
Downloads
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Identification
Survey ID Number
UNHCR_KEN_2019_SES_Shona_v2.1
Title
Socioeconomic Survey of the Stateless Shona in 2019
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Kenya | KEN |
Study type
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Series Information
UNHCR conducts socio-economic assessments of persons-of-concern (i.e. refugees, asylumseekers, IDPs, etc.) in a variety of countries in order to inform and improve its programming with the goal of promoting self-reliance. While these assessments are not fully standardized and are tailored to their specific country context, the quantitative surveys share strong similarities in their design and objectives, and are therefore considered a survey series for the purpose of microdata documentation/archiving.
Abstract
In 2016, UNHCR became aware of a group of stateless persons living in or near Nairobi, Kenya. Most of them were Shona, descendants of missionaries who arrived from Zimbabwe and Zambia in the 1960s and remained in Kenya. The total number of Shona living in Kenya is estimated to be between 3,000 and 3,500 people.
On their first arrival, the Shona were issued certificates of registration, but a change in the Registration of Persons Act of 1978 did not make provision for people of non-Kenyan descent, consequently denying the Shona citizenship. Zimbabwe and Zambia did not consider them nationals either, rendering them stateless. Besides the Shona, there are other groups of stateless persons of different origins and ethnicities, with the total number of stateless persons in Kenya estimated at 18,500.
UNHCR and the Government of Kenya are taking steps to address statelessness in the country, among them is the registration of selected groups for nationalization. In April 2019, the Government of Kenya pledged to recognize qualifying members of the Shona community as Kenyan citizens. However, the lack of detailed information on the stateless population in Kenya hinders advocacy for the regularization of their nationality status. Together with the Kenyan Government through the Department of Immigration Services (DIS) and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), UNHCR Kenya conducted registration and socioeconomic survey for the Shona community from May to July 2019. While the primary objective of the registration was to document migration, residence and family history with the aim of preparing their registration as citizens, this survey was conducted to provide a baseline on the socio-economic situation of the stateless Shona population for comparison with non-stateless populations of Kenya.
On their first arrival, the Shona were issued certificates of registration, but a change in the Registration of Persons Act of 1978 did not make provision for people of non-Kenyan descent, consequently denying the Shona citizenship. Zimbabwe and Zambia did not consider them nationals either, rendering them stateless. Besides the Shona, there are other groups of stateless persons of different origins and ethnicities, with the total number of stateless persons in Kenya estimated at 18,500.
UNHCR and the Government of Kenya are taking steps to address statelessness in the country, among them is the registration of selected groups for nationalization. In April 2019, the Government of Kenya pledged to recognize qualifying members of the Shona community as Kenyan citizens. However, the lack of detailed information on the stateless population in Kenya hinders advocacy for the regularization of their nationality status. Together with the Kenyan Government through the Department of Immigration Services (DIS) and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), UNHCR Kenya conducted registration and socioeconomic survey for the Shona community from May to July 2019. While the primary objective of the registration was to document migration, residence and family history with the aim of preparing their registration as citizens, this survey was conducted to provide a baseline on the socio-economic situation of the stateless Shona population for comparison with non-stateless populations of Kenya.
Kind of Data
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Unit of Analysis
Household and individual
Version
Version Description
v2.1: Edited, anonymous dataset for licensed use.
Version Date
2020-11-25
Scope
Notes
The survey included a range of socio-economic indicators, both at the household and individual household member levels, aligned with the national 2015/16 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS) and forthcoming Kenya Continuous Household Survey (KCHS). The scope of the questionnaire includes:
Demographics
Education
Employment
Household Characteristics
Consumption and Expenditure (Food, Nonfood, Energy, Education and Rent)
Demographics
Education
Employment
Household Characteristics
Consumption and Expenditure (Food, Nonfood, Energy, Education and Rent)
Topics
| Topic |
|---|
| Income Generation |
| Education |
| Housing, Land and Property |
| Registration |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Statelessness |
| Shona |
| Kenya |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Githurai, Nairobi, Kiambaa and Kinoo
Universe
All Shona living in Nairobi and Kiambu counties, Kenya
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
Producers
| Name |
|---|
| Kenya National Bureau of Statistics |
| Department of Immigration Services |
| United Nations of High Commisioner of Refugees |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom's Department for International Development | DFID |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The objective of the socio-economic survey was to cover the entire Shona population living in areas of the Nairobi and Kiambu counties. This included Shona living in Githurai, Kiambaa, Kinoo and other urban areas in and around Nairobi. Data collection for the socioeconomic survey took place concurrently with a registration verification. The registration verification was to collect information on the Shona's migration history, residence in Kenya and legal documentation to prepare their registration as citizens. The registration activity including questions on basic demographics also covered some enumeration areas outside the ones of the socio-economic survey, such as institutional households in Hurlingham belonging to a religious order who maintain significantly different living conditions than the average population. The total number of households for which socio-economic data was collected for is 350 with 1,692 individuals living in them. A listing of Shona households using key informant lists and respondent-driven referral to identify further households was conducted by KNBS and UNHCR before the start of enumeration for the registration verification and socio-economic survey.
Deviations from the Sample Design
None
Response Rate
Overall reponse rate was 99 percent, mainly due to refusal to participate.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2019-05-27 | 2019-07-05 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Data Collection Notes
Data was collected through smartphone-assisted face-to-face interviewing usingODK/ Kobo software.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | UNHCR |
| Kenya National Bureau of Statistics | KNBS |
| Department of Immigration Services | DIS |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The following sections are included: household roster, education, employment, household characteristics, consumption and expenditure.
Data Processing
Data Editing
The dataset presented here has undergone light checking, cleaning and restructuring (data may still contain errors) as well as anonymization (includes removal of direct identifiers and sensitive variables, recoding and local suppression).
Access policy
Confidentiality
No attempt will be made to identify respondents or microdata providers, and no use will be made of the identity of any person, facility or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to UNHCR, to allow evaluation of further use, apply further statistical disclosure control methods, impose further restrictions on access, or appropriately re-classify the data. No attempt will be made to create links between datasets provided by UNHCR, or between UNHCR data and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
Citation requirements
UNHCR (2020) Socioeconomic Survey of the Stateless Shona in Kenya 2019. UNHCR microdata library: https://microdata.unhcr.org
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Solutions | UNHCR | solutions@unhcr.org |
| Curation Team | UNHCR | microdata@unhcr.org |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
UNHCR does not warrant in any way the accuracy of the information and data contained in the datasets and shall not be held liable for any loss caused by reliance on the accuracy or reliability thereof.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
UNHCR_KEN_SES_2019_SHONA_DDIv1.1
Producers
| Name |
|---|
| UNHCR |
Date of Metadata Production
2020-12
DDI Document version
Version 1.0, December 2020